401（k）提款的高价

生活有一种向我们抛出曲线球的方式。和他们’非常善于浪费我们的钱—especially if we’re not prepared. 您’ve heard of Murphy’法律，对不对？任何可能出错的地方都会出错。墨菲很粗鲁。他没有’他出现时甚至敲门—他只是踢开门！

冠状病毒大流行是许多美国人见过的最大的金融危机。如果你’现在由于担心紧急开支或还清债务而感到恐惧，您可能会想从401（k）中拿钱，尤其是考虑到国会最近通过的CARES法案中的新漏洞。

But is a 401(k) withdrawal a good idea? 让’s跳到细节中找出答案。

401k提早罚款

If 您 take money out of 您r traditional 401(k) before age 59 1/2, 您’ll get hit with two big bills when 您 file 您r next tax return:

1. Income taxes on 您r withdrawal
2. 提早罚款10％

让’s say 您 make $60,000 a year 和 您 withdraw $20,000 from 您r 401(k) to pay for medical bills. 您’re in the 22% tax bracket, which means 那 Uncle Sam pockets $4,400 of 您r 401(k) money for income taxes 和 $2,000 for 那 10% penalty. In the end, 您’re 只要 left with $13,600 of 您r original $20,000. That’太离谱了！有更好的付款方式。

But taxes 和 penalties are just the beginning of the money 您’ve lost. 您’re also robbing from 您r future self. 这里’s what I mean: 让’s say 您 left 那 $20,000 alone for 25 years 和 it averaged a 10% annual growth rate in a good mutual fund. 那$ 20,000最终将超过$ 240,000， 和 您’d甚至不必松开手指！

这里’s the reality: 您r 401（k）是退休帐户 那’专为长期财富积累而设计。它’s not 应该 to pay for emergencies or be 您r college tuition fund for little Suzy. 

401k难度取款情况如何？

A 困难退出 is a special circumstance when the IRS allows 您 to take money out of 您r 401(k) without the 10% withdrawal fee (although 您’仍然需要缴纳所得税）。

根据美国国税局， a 困难退出 applies to people in an “紧急或急需。”这些情况适用于您，您的配偶或家属。顺便说一句，美国国税局（IRS）确保在这里扔下这个限定词：“购买船只或电视的费用通常不符合艰苦条件。”¹  Hold up . . . is 那 the IRS making jokes?

These six circumstances qualify for a 困难退出:

1. 医疗费 
2. 与购买主要住所有关的费用
3. 学费及相关教育费用
4. Payments necessary to prevent eviction or foreclosure (of 您r primary residence)
5. 丧葬费
6. Certain expenses to repair damage to 您r principal residence²

此外，我还要在这里提及，2019年12月通过的《安全法》（SECURE Act）使新父母可以选择提取最高5,000美元的免罚金，以支付新孩子的生育或收养费用。³

Keep in mind 那 each retirement plan varies, 和 您r employer is not required to make 困难退出s an option for 您r plan. For example, some may not allow for tuition expenses, 和 others 做 . Check with 您r HR department if 您 have questions about 您r specific plan.

Hear me on this, people: Even if 您 qualify for a 困难退出, it’s a bad idea to raid 您r own 窝蛋. 您’ll still have to pay income taxes, plus 您’ll miss out on compound growth of the money 您 take out.

401（k）根据CARES法案提款

CARES法是一项联邦刺激方案，已于3月27日签署成为法律，它创造了一种新型的“hardship withdrawal”帮助遭受冠状病毒大流行打击的人。那些因病毒而失业，生病，或照顾生病的配偶或家属的人可以从退休帐户中提款，而无需支付10％的提款罚金。再一次，你’尽管有提款金额，但仍需缴纳所得税’灵活的还款方式—您可以根据需要在三年内缴纳税款。⁴

您 can take up to $100,000 for these types of withdrawals:

• 401（k）分配
• 401（k）贷款
• 退休帐户退出

两者之间的区别 401（k）贷款 和分配是​​，分配时，您只是硬着头皮现在支付税款，但是有了贷款，您就可以’re 应该 to “repay 您rself”最终，因此您避免纳税。通常，一笔401（k）贷款仅允许借款人承担50,000美元，但《 CARES法案》在接下来的六个月内将正常金额增加了一倍。

Should 您 Withdraw Money Early From 您r 401k?

答案是 大号： It’s 几乎从不 the right decision. There are three reasons why 您 shouldn’t turn to 您r 401(k) to pay 做 wn debt or emergency expenses: 

1. 您’重新支付大量的费用和罚款。 

We’ve already been over this, but let me remind 您 one more time: When 您 take an early distribution from 您r 401(k), 您’我将用这笔钱缴纳山姆大叔的所得税以及10％的提款费。

2. 您’re robbing 您r retirement dreams. 

所有财务中最强大的两个力量是时间和复合增长。想到为退休储蓄就像种一棵树。大多数树木要达到最高高度需要数十年的时间。如果您现在耗尽401（k），它’就像拔树—you’我将不得不从一个小的种子重新开始。

3. 您’重新执行错误的财务游戏计划。 

I’我是个运动大手，所以让我比喻足球。从您的401（k）中取出钱就像扔了一张“冰雹玛丽”通行证—it’解决绝望问题的最后尝试。那’人们不是冠军的比赛方式！通过不断地执行久经考验的游戏计划来赢得胜利，他们才能获胜。 

The 只要 time 您 should withdraw money from or cash out 您r 401(k) is to avoid bankruptcy or foreclosure—and 那’s 只要 if 您’ve exhausted all other options, like taking on extra jobs 和 a short sale on 您r house.

您 Have Better Options Than Draining 您r 401(k) 

听着，我明白—a big, unexpected expense or a job loss will make 您 feel overwhelmed, frightened 和 trapped. So, 您 need to hear this: 您 做 有选择，他们’re much better than robbing 您r retirement fund. It might take some sacrifice, but if 您 stay focused, I know 您 can overcome this.

Instead of taking money from 您r 401(k), I want 您 to try one or all of these options:

• 进入保护模式. If 您’在真正的金融危机中’s time to cut all unnecessary spending: the gym, entertainment 和 online shopping. It might even be time to sell 您r car. 节省预算 并控制您的资金。现在，如果你’重新从退休中拿钱为孩子上学，然后’是时候进行一些真正的交谈了。你不’不必支付初级’的梦想学校。您和您的孩子可以选择让他们通过大学免债’涉及从退休中偷窃。
• 制定付款计划. Whether 您 owe money to the IRS or to a lender, call them up 和 explain 您r situation. See if 您 can break out 那 big amount into smaller payments over a set period of time.
• 向家人或朋友寻求帮助。不，我’我不建议您向他们要钱，但您也许可以得到一些非金钱的帮助。也许您可以通过要求父母照顾孩子来节省托儿费用。或者如果你’在一个非常绝望的地方，例如无法支付房租，您可以和家人一起住直到您’重新站起来。
• 承担额外的工作。它’s a temporary sacrifice 那 sets 您 up for long-term success. Debt keeps 您 trapped. And borrowing from 您r 401(k) robs 您 of 您r future. Do what 您 have to 做 right now to keep from adding to 您r debt or draining 您r 401(k).

让’s go back to 那 football analogy. If 您 want to play like a champion, 您 need a game plan for 您r money. It’s called the 7个婴儿步骤—the proven plan for getting out of debt 和 building wealth. If 您 take these steps, 您’ll put 您rself in a position where 您 never feel tempted to withdraw from 您r 401(k) again.